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During the nine decades since its establishment in 1919, the Communist Party USA produced or inspired a vast array of newspapers and magazines in the English language. This list was launched in 2009, based upon material said to have been "principally taken from the California Senate's report" of 1949〔Fifth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Committee On Un-American Activities, California Legislature, 1949, pp. 545-546.〕 and the testimony of Walter S. Steele before House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) in 1947.〔(Testimony of Walter S. Steele regarding Communist activities in the United States ). Hearings before the Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Eightieth Congress, first session, on H. R. 1884 and H. R. 2122, bills to curb or outlaw the Communist Party in the United States. Public law 601 (section 121, subsection Q (2) July 21, 1947.〕 Various alterations were made over time, including the deletion of ephemeral personnel names as well as additions and subtractions where merited. Further changes took place in 2011 based upon the book ''Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications'' published in 1962 by HUAC.〔''Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications (And Appendixes). Revised and Published December 1, 1961 to Supersede Guide Published on January 2, 1957. 87th Congress, 2nd Session, House Document No. 398. Washington, DC: Committee on Un-American Activities, US House of Representatives, 1962; pp. 183-205.〕 This list does not include the vast array of Communist Party newspapers, periodicals, and magazines published in languages other than English. This material appears at Non-English press of the Communist Party USA. ==Party press== ===Official newspapers=== * ''The Revolutionary Age'' (1917-1919) — Boston-based organ of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party. Edited by Louis C. Fraina. Merged with the ''New York Communist'' after the June 1919 National Conference of the Left Wing Section due to budgetary reasons and moved to New York City. * ''New York Communist'' (April 1919 to June 1919) — New York City weekly edited by John Reed, with Benjamin Gitlow serving as business manager. New York organ of the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party. Merged with ''The Revolutionary Age'' (which moved from Boston to New York) after the June 1919 National Conference of the Left Wing Section. * ''The Communist (CPA, 1919)'' (1919-1921) — Official organ of the old (pre-merger) Communist Party of America. * ''Communist Labor'' (1919-1920) — Official organ of the Communist Labor Party of America. * ''The Communist (UCP)'' (1920–21) — Official organ of the underground United Communist Party of America. * ''The Communist (CPA, 1921)'' (1921-1923) — Official organ of the unified Communist Party of America, Section of the Communist International. * ''Official Bulletin of the Communist Party of America'' (1921) — Official organ of the unified Communist Party of America, Section of the Communist International. The ''Bulletin'' contained party financial details and policy summaries and was merged away through incorporation of the same material in ''The Communist'' after just two issues. Publication is available online.〔PDF's of ''The Bulletin'' are available at Archive.org for both (Issue No. 1 ) and (Issue No. 2 ).〕 * ''Workers' Challenge (1921)'' — "Legal" weekly of the underground Communist Party of America (CPA), listing their alter-ego the Contemporary Publishing Association (CPA) as the publisher. Extremely rare publication, Michigan State University possesses 7 issues only in hardcopy; Wisconsin Historical Society seems to have lost the master negative for film of a fragmentary run. * ''The Communist (CCF)'' (1922) — Official organ of the dissident Central Caucus faction of the Communist Party of America, which established a parallel organization in January 1922. * ''Workers' Challenge (1922)'' (March–September 1922) — Weekly newspaper of the United Toilers of America, the "legal political party" established by the "Communist Party of America" launched by the Central Caucus faction in January 1922. Tamiment Library of New York University has a run of this publication on microfilm, although they are not the source of the original master negative. * ''The Cleveland Socialist'' (1917-1919) — * * ''The Toiler'' (1919-1921) — * * ''The Worker'' (1922-1924) — * * ''The Daily Worker,'' (1924- ) — * * ''The Worker,'' published only on Sunday, had the same management and publisher as the ''Daily Worker''. Contributor Frank Marshall Davis. * ''The Voice of Labor'' (July 1921-August 1924) — Following the departure of ''The Toiler'' from Cleveland to New York City, the Communist Party was left without a significant English-language weekly in the midwest. In July 1921, the decision was made to convert the party's faltering Scandinavian weekly, ''Socialdemokraten,'' into a Chicago-based English newspaper. Effective with the July 8, 1921 issue this change was made.〔Dirk Hoerder with Christiane Harzig (eds.), ''The Immigrant Labor Press in North America, 1840s-1970s: An Annotated Bibliography: Volume 1: Migrants from Northern Europe.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1987; pg. 109.〕 With the emergence of ''The Daily Worker'' in 1924 and its move to Chicago, ''The Voice of Labor'' became superfluous and the publication was transformed into ''Farmer-Labor Voice'' in the Summer of 1924. * * ''Farmer-Labor Voice'' (1924) — * ''Western Worker'' (1932-1937) — West coast weekly organ of the CPUSA, published in broadsheet format. * ''People's Daily World'' was published by the Pacific Publishing Foundation of San Francisco, California and served as the official West Coast Daily of CPUSA.〔HUAC, ''Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications... Revised and Published December 1, 1961...,'' pg. 186.〕 Offices were located in Los Angeles, Oakland, San Diego, Seattle, and Washington, D.C. Editors included Al Richmond and Adam Lapin. * ''People's Voice'' of Harlem was published by the Powell-Buchanan Publishing Co., Inc, New York, NY; it was a daily publication. Board of directors, Adam Clayton Powell; chairman, Charles P. Buchanan; secretary. Max Yergan ; treasurer, Hope Stevens ; and Ferdinand Smith. The editor in chief was Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.; general manager and editor, Doxey Wilkerson; contributing editor was Paul Robeson. === Party magazines=== * ''The Liberator'' (1918-1924) — Radical literary-artistic magazine established in New York City by Max Eastman and his sister Crystal Eastman in response to the legal difficulties suffered by ''The Masses'' with the U.S. Department of Justice during World War I. Made into a Communist Party publication in the fall of 1922 and merged with the organ of the Trade Union Educational League, ''The Labor Herald,'' and that of the Friends of Soviet Russia, ''Soviet Russia Illustrated,'' in 1924 to form ''The Workers' Monthly.'' * ''The Workers' Monthly'' (1924-1927) — Successor to ''The Liberator,'' merging three CP-supported publications into one for financial reasons — ''The Workers Monthly,'' ''The Labor Herald,'' and ''Soviet Russia Illustrated.'' Published monthly in Chicago in the printing plant of ''The Daily Worker.'' * * ''The Communist'' (1927-1944) — Official theoretical journal of the CPUSA, successor to ''The Workers' Monthly.'' Published monthly. * * ''Political Affairs'' (1945-date) — Official theoretical journal of the CPUSA, published monthly in New York City. The editor was Max Weiss; associate editors, V. J. Jerome, Alexander Bittelman, Abner W. Berry, and Jack Stachel. ''Political Affairs'' is direct successor to ''The Communist''. * ''The New Masses'' (1926-1940s) was an artistic-literary monthly launched in 1926, revisiting the style of ''The Masses'' and ''The Liberator.'' The publication maintained a semi-independent financial position during its first years by virtue of being recipient of substantial aid from the Garland Fund.〔HUAC, ''Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications... Revised and Published December 1, 1961...,'' pg. 194.〕 By the 1930s the publication was transformed into a plain-paper communist news magazine akin to ''The Nation'' or ''The New Republic.'' * * ''Masses & Mainstream'' (1948-1960s) was a small-format magazine printed in New York, NY, by Mainstream Associates, Inc. The editor-in-chief was Samuel Sillen. The editors were Gwendolyn Bennett, Alvah Bessie, Milton Blau, Arnaud D 'Usseau, Howard Fast, Mike Gold, V. J. Jerome, Howard Lawson, Meridel LeSeuer, W. L. River, Dalton Trumbo, and Theodore Ward. * ''The Party Organizer'' (1927-1939) — Monthly for members devoted to internal party affairs. * * ''Party Affairs'' was an irregular internal publication targeted to party members.〔 * ''National Issues'' (1939) — Short-lived monthly magazine published by the National Committee of the CPUSA which resembled the liberal magazines ''The New Republic'' and ''The Nation'' in form and content.〔Harvey A. Levenstein, "National Issues: New York, 1939," in Joseph R. Conlin (ed.), ''The American Radical Press, 1880-1960: Volume 1.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974; pg. 289.〕 The publication has been reckoned by one scholar as "the epitome, if not the high-water mark, of the Popular Front line in the United States."〔 The magazine was not issued as a so-called "front" publication issued by a blandly-named organization established and controlled by the Communist Party for the purpose, but was rather an official organ of the CPUSA itself with attempted to influence the views of party members and non-party supporters on vital issues of the day.〔Levenstein, "National Issues," pp. 290-291.〕 The publication was abruptly terminated in the aftermath of the signing of the Soviet-Nazi Pact of August 1939, with the party choosing to eliminate the publication rather than face the prospect of an embarrassing public reversal of the party line.〔Levenstein, "National Issues," pg. 291.〕 Only nine issues were produced, reprinted in full in 1970 as a hardcover book by Greenwood Press.〔Harvey A. Levenstein (ed.), ''National Issues: A Survey of Politics and Legislation.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Reprint Corporation, 1970.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「English-language press of the Communist Party USA」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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